These days the procedure in undefended divorce cases is quite straightforward.
It is rare for anyone to have to appear in court, and in most cases everything is dealt
with "on paper".

There is one basic ground for divorce that the marriage has irretrievably broken down. However, this needs to be proved by one of the following five facts:

• That the other spouse has committed adultery, and you find it intolerable to live with your spouse.
• That the other spouse has behaved in such a way that you cannot be expected to live with them, i.e. unreasonable behaviour.
• That there has been desertion for 2 years.
• That you have been separated for a period of 2 years and your spouse consents.
• The parties have been separated for 5 years.

Presuming that one of these factors exist divorce proceedings are started by a petition being prepared and filed at Court. This is then served upon the other party by the Court, through the post. The other party then has 14 days to return a form called an Acknowledgment of Service to the Court with the petition. If the other party doesn't return the form then, in certain circumstances, the Court can try and get round the problem. If it can be shown that the other party has had the papers the Court can make an order that service of the petition is deemed to have taken place. One can use the Court Bailiff, or an Enquiry Agent to serve the petition.

When the Acknowledgment of Service is received, or, in the alternative, the Court has deemed service to have taken place, or there is proof of service from the Court Bailiff or Enquiry Agent, the Petitioning party then swears an Affidavit which confirms the truth of the contents of the Petition. It confirms that the Petitioner finds it intolerable to live
with the other party and is accompanied by a request that the Court consider all
of the circumstances.

If it is satisfied with the papers the Court sets a date for pronouncement of the
Decree Nisi.

Both parties receive notification of the date for the pronouncement of the Decree Nisi from the Court. The papers state that unless someone objects to one of the orders that are to be made, no one needs to attend Court. In certain circumstances where the other party (the respondent) has objected to paying the costs of the Divorce, the court may order the Respondent to appear before the Judge to argue why he/she should not pay the costs.

Once 6 weeks and 1 day have passed from the date of the Decree Nisi, the petitioning party may apply to the court for the Decree Absolute by completing a simple form and paying the appropriate fee. Sometimes we advise our client to delay applying immediately for the Decree Absolute, where for example financial issues have not been resolved. If one of the parties to the Divorce applies for the Decree Absolute before finances are sorted out and the other party dies there may be a loss of financial benefit.

If the petitioning party does not apply for the Decree Absolute then 4½ months after the Decree Nisi the other party may apply to the Court for a Decree Absolute. The Court however does not grant the application without first hearing argument from any party who attends Court. This type of hearing however is rare and in the vast majority of the cases it is left for the petitioner to apply for the Decree Absolute when they are ready. If, for any reason, the petitioning party has not applied within 12 months then the court usually requires a simple Affidavit to be filed with the application for the Decree Absolute explaining the delay.